In a growing global health concern, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has issued an urgent alert regarding the potential risk of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in the country. According to NCDC Director-General, Dr. Jide Idris, the virus, a common respiratory infection, is capable of affecting individuals across all age groups. While no unusual spikes in respiratory infections have been recorded so far, Nigeria has been classified at moderate risk due to the ongoing global surge in HMPV cases.
Dr. Idris, addressing the public on January 6, 2025, assured Nigerians that the NCDC, in collaboration with international health agencies, is proactively preparing the nation for any potential outbreak. He also dismissed rumors circulating online, which falsely claimed that the World Health Organisation (WHO) had declared HMPV a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). “Such claims are not accurate, and Nigerians should disregard them,” Idris emphasized.
As part of Nigeria’s efforts to stay ahead of the virus, the NCDC is strengthening surveillance measures and preparedness across the country. “The National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance (NISS) system is currently monitoring Influenza-like Illnesses (ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) across all six geopolitical zones of the country,” Dr. Idris explained. “Our data as of January 6 does not indicate an unusual increase in respiratory infections. However, we remain vigilant as we continue to observe global trends.”
Despite the absence of alarming data from the country’s surveillance system, the NCDC has ramped up its efforts to ensure Nigeria is ready for any potential cases of HMPV. The global rise in infections has led the NCDC to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment in collaboration with international bodies such as the WHO, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USCDC), and the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA).
The assessment concluded that Nigeria faces a moderate risk of HMPV, and this evaluation will guide decision-making and response strategies. “The risk is moderate, and we are working with key partners to ensure Nigeria is prepared for any escalation,” Dr. Idris said, outlining the comprehensive steps being taken.
Measures to Counter HMPV Threat
In response to the risk assessment, the NCDC has initiated a series of measures designed to mitigate the potential spread of the virus. The country’s international ports of entry have been placed on high alert, and comprehensive preparedness plans are underway at these locations. “We are identifying quarantine facilities and equipping them with the necessary Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) materials to manage any suspected or confirmed cases,” Dr. Idris stated.
Additionally, to enhance the nation’s testing capacity, the NCDC is working closely with laboratories at international airports to introduce HMPV testing alongside the ongoing COVID-19 testing efforts. These labs will be supported with the resources needed to identify cases early. The NISS system, already in use for monitoring Influenza and SARI cases, will now also test for HMPV.
Hospitals across the country have been issued advisories on enhanced IPC practices, including the implementation of proper hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and respiratory hygiene protocols. “We are also training healthcare workers at state hospitals to ensure they can effectively identify and manage potential cases,” said Dr. Idris, emphasizing that a high index of suspicion is essential in dealing with respiratory illnesses.
NCDC’s extensive efforts also include collaborations with state governments to activate treatment and isolation centres, ensuring that healthcare facilities are prepared to handle cases if the virus spreads. “It is critical that isolation rooms are designated in health facilities to ensure quick containment and proper care for any potential patients,” Dr. Idris remarked.
What Is HMPV?
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus related to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Although the virus can cause mild cold-like symptoms in healthy individuals, it can lead to more severe complications such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis, especially in vulnerable populations like young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems.
Symptoms of HMPV infection typically include a runny nose, cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. While the virus is spread through respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing, it can also be transmitted through direct contact with infected surfaces. In rare cases, it can lead to hospitalizations or even death, particularly among individuals with pre-existing health conditions.
Global Context and Preparations
Globally, the surge in HMPV cases has raised alarms among health authorities, prompting nations to increase vigilance and implement preventive measures. Dr. Idris reiterated the importance of international cooperation, highlighting the role of WHO, USCDC, and other agencies in supporting Nigeria’s preparedness. “With global health trends shifting, it is important that we stay ahead of potential threats by monitoring the situation closely and ensuring timely responses.”
The NCDC is working to keep the public well-informed about HMPV risks and preventive measures. “We urge Nigerians to continue practicing good hygiene, including regular handwashing and wearing masks when needed,” Dr. Idris advised. “While we have not seen a significant rise in cases, our preparations are in full swing to safeguard public health.”
