In a pressing move to address the growing plight of displaced Nigerians, the Federal Government has confirmed that over 400,000 Nigerian refugees are currently stranded across neighbouring African countries—Cameroon, Niger, and Chad. A major repatriation effort is now underway, but significant challenges lie ahead.
Tijani Ahmed, the Federal Commissioner for the National Commission for Refugees, Migrants, and Internally Displaced Persons (NCFRMI), disclosed these alarming figures during a Technical Working Group meeting in Abuja on Wednesday, 13th February 2025. Ahmed emphasized the critical need for a coordinated effort involving governments and international partners, including the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), to repatriate these citizens and restore their dignity.
“We have at least 400,000 refugees scattered across Cameroon, Niger, and Chad,” Ahmed said, his tone conveying the urgency of the situation. “Just last week, 3,000 refugees were safely returned to Nigeria, thanks to the tireless efforts of Borno State Governor, Prof. Babagana Zulum, and our working group. But there is still much to be done,” he added.
The displacement of Nigerians is primarily attributed to the devastating effects of the ongoing Boko Haram insurgency, which has ravaged large parts of the northeastern region, displacing millions. Although some refugees initially fled to neighboring countries seeking safety, many have found themselves caught in a protracted refugee crisis without any clear end in sight. Despite the passage of time, the refugees remain in limbo, with no permanent solutions on the horizon.
The Tripartite Agreement and the Role of International Partners
Central to the ongoing repatriation efforts is a tripartite agreement that involves Nigeria, the host countries, and the UNHCR. This framework is designed to ensure that the repatriation process is carried out with dignity and in compliance with international standards. The Federal Commissioner revealed that this agreement has recently been reviewed to ensure it remains relevant and effective.
“The tripartite agreement is at the heart of this repatriation process. It allows us to engage with neighboring governments and UNHCR to ensure that the refugees are returned safely and supported in their reintegration into Nigeria,” Ahmed explained. “Our objective is not only to bring them home but to provide them with the necessary support to rebuild their lives.”
Although the repatriation of refugees is an important priority, the process has not been without its challenges. In particular, the need for adequate funding, proper logistics, and the involvement of all key stakeholders has been highlighted as critical to its success.
The UNHCR, a key international partner in these efforts, has played an indispensable role in supporting the Nigerian government throughout the crisis. Bernadette Muteshi, the UNHCR Deputy Representative, also weighed in during the Abuja meeting, emphasizing the importance of government leadership in the repatriation process.
“We are here to support the governments involved, but this process is ultimately about ensuring that the Nigerian government takes full ownership and leadership in bringing its citizens back,” Muteshi stated. “The tripartite agreement is there to guide us, but the real work depends on the commitment of all parties involved to prioritize the welfare of the refugees.”
Muteshi further highlighted that the current strategy involves a renewed focus on ensuring the safe and voluntary return of refugees while adhering to the tripartite agreement’s terms.
Tensions and Risks Ahead
While the plans to repatriate the refugees have been set in motion, concerns about the security and safety of returnees remain high. As parts of northern Nigeria are still affected by insurgent activity, the prospect of reintegration is fraught with risks. Refugees, many of whom fled with little more than the clothes on their backs, may find it difficult to return to their homes, especially given the severe damage to infrastructure in areas like Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa.
Borno’s Governor, Prof. Babagana Zulum, who has been a key figure in facilitating the return of refugees, acknowledged these challenges in a recent statement: “Our goal is to ensure that the returnees are welcomed back into their communities, but we are also aware that many areas are still recovering from the devastation caused by years of conflict. We will work with both the Nigerian government and international organizations to make sure that these people are resettled safely.”
The issue of security is not limited to Nigeria alone. Refugees in Chad, Cameroon, and Niger also face considerable risks from regional instability. Human rights advocates have expressed concerns about the treatment of refugees in these countries, particularly in overcrowded camps where access to basic necessities is limited.
A Lifeline for the Displaced
For many of the displaced Nigerians, the return home represents not just a physical journey but a journey toward reclaiming a sense of belonging and identity. For years, they have lived in uncertainty, their future clouded by conflict, poverty, and the struggle for basic human rights.
Emmanuel Alhaji, a Nigerian refugee who fled Boko Haram violence and has been living in a camp in Cameroon for the past three years, expressed his relief at hearing about the repatriation efforts. “I just want to go home. I am tired of waiting, of living in fear,” he said in a recent phone interview. “But I am also scared. What if I return and there is no place for me? What if the violence has not ended?”
These sentiments reflect the widespread uncertainty among refugees, but there is a glimmer of hope. According to Ahmed, the Nigerian government is committed to ensuring the repatriation process is conducted with the refugees’ safety and dignity in mind. “We are not just bringing them home. We are providing support for their reintegration. This is a long-term effort,” he assured.
Looking Forward
As the repatriation process unfolds in the coming weeks, there is a growing sense of optimism among some stakeholders. However, much remains to be done. The Federal Government, through the NCFRMI and its partners, is focused on overcoming logistical challenges, ensuring adequate funding, and promoting long-term solutions to prevent future displacements.
Ahmed concluded, “This is a humanitarian mission, and it is our collective responsibility to ensure that these Nigerians return to safety, security, and opportunity. We cannot afford to let them stay stranded any longer.”
