In a pivotal development in Sudan’s ongoing conflict, the national army has successfully recaptured Khartoum International Airport from the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), marking a significant shift in the two-year-long struggle for control over the capital.
Background of the Conflict
The turmoil in Sudan erupted in April 2023 due to escalating tensions between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the RSF. This power struggle has led to widespread violence, resulting in the deaths of tens of thousands and the displacement of millions. The RSF, initially formed from the Janjaweed militias implicated in the Darfur conflict, had seized key locations in Khartoum, including the airport and the presidential palace, early in the conflict.
Strategic Importance of Khartoum Airport
Khartoum International Airport serves as a critical hub for both domestic and international travel. Its recapture by the army not only disrupts the RSF’s supply lines but also paves the way for potential humanitarian aid deliveries, which are desperately needed given the current crisis. Army spokesman Nabil Abdallah confirmed the airport had been “fully secured” from RSF fighters who had occupied it since the conflict’s onset.
Recent Military Advances
Following the successful retaking of the presidential palace, the army has continued its offensive, reclaiming several state institutions in central Khartoum. Military sources report that forces have now surrounded the strategic Jebel Awliya area south of the capital, a known RSF stronghold. The army’s encirclement from multiple directions has reportedly led to RSF fighters retreating across the White Nile via the Jebel Awliya bridge toward their bases in Darfur.
Humanitarian Crisis
The conflict has precipitated one of the world’s most severe humanitarian crises. According to the United Nations, over 14 million people have been displaced, with more than 3.5 million fleeing Khartoum alone. Those remaining in the city face dire conditions, including food shortages, human rights abuses, and continuous shelling.
International Response
Despite the escalating crisis, international attention and aid have been limited. The United Nations has struggled to raise the necessary funds to address the humanitarian needs, and diplomatic efforts to broker peace have largely been unsuccessful. The conflict’s complexity, involving various factions and international interests, has further complicated resolution efforts.
Historical Context
Sudan’s history is marked by coups and political instability. From the ousting of President Jaafar Nimeiri in 1985 to Omar al-Bashir’s three-decade rule following a 1989 coup, the nation has experienced prolonged periods of unrest. The 2019 revolution that led to Bashir’s removal was initially seen as a hopeful turning point. However, the subsequent power struggle between the army and the RSF has plunged the country back into conflict.
Current Situation and Outlook
While the army’s recent gains represent a shift in momentum, the conflict is far from over. The RSF still controls significant areas, particularly in Darfur and parts of southern Sudan. The prospect of a divided nation looms large, with the potential for prolonged instability. Efforts to negotiate a ceasefire have repeatedly failed, and both sides remain entrenched in their positions.
Impact on Civilians
The civilian population continues to bear the brunt of the conflict. Reports of human rights abuses, including ethnic violence and sexual assaults, are widespread. The destruction of infrastructure has led to shortages of essential services such as healthcare and education. The international community has called for accountability, but achieving justice remains a daunting challenge amid ongoing hostilities.
