In a bold move aimed at upholding traditional African values and fostering professionalism, President Bola Ahmed Tinubu has endorsed a sweeping overhaul of the Nigerian military’s code of conduct. The revised Harmonised Armed Forces Terms and Conditions of Service, signed into law on December 16, 2024, introduces stringent rules against practices deemed “unAfrican and unorthodox,” including same-sex relationships, tattooing, and body piercing.
The new regulations have stirred reactions across the country, with the Human Rights Writers Association of Nigeria (HURIWA) among the first to express strong support for the changes.
New Rules for Military Discipline
The updated military code strictly prohibits personnel from engaging in homosexuality, lesbianism, and bestiality. It also bars involvement in activities associated with LGBTQIA2S+ groups and cross-dressing. The document stipulates, “An officer must not engage in homosexuality, lesbianism, and bestiality. He/she is not to belong to, or engage in activities of the LGBTQIA2S+ group and cross-dressing, amongst others.”
Beyond sexual conduct, the code imposes bans on tattooing and body piercing, which are increasingly popular trends among Nigerian youths. Additionally, military personnel are forbidden from public drunkenness, engaging in public brawls, or forming inappropriate relationships with subordinates or their spouses.
The document underscores the importance of maintaining financial responsibility, banning officers from defaulting on payments like vehicle licenses and insurance. It also prohibits officers from misusing government property or engaging in private business ventures that could interfere with their official duties.
While the code outlines these strict behavioral standards, it does not specify the penalties for violations, leaving questions about how the rules will be enforced.
HURIWA’s Approval
HURIWA, a leading human rights advocacy group, has praised the President for what it calls a commitment to preserving African cultural values. The organization referenced Section 21 of Chapter 2 of the Nigerian Constitution, which mandates the state to protect and promote Nigerian cultures that enhance human dignity.
In a statement, HURIWA’s National Coordinator, Comrade Emmanuel Onwubiko, urged Nigerians to rally behind the President’s reforms. “These decisions are in total compliance with relevant provisions of the Nigerian Constitution,” Onwubiko stated. “They are aimed at defending our respected African cultural value system, which enhances human dignity and professionalism in the Nigerian military.”
HURIWA also expressed optimism that these measures would improve discipline and operational efficiency within the armed forces. “We believe these ethical directives will not only preserve our culture but also elevate the military’s standard of professionalism and excellence,” Onwubiko added.
Balancing Culture and Modernity
The revised military code reflects a broader effort by the Nigerian government to balance the country’s cultural heritage with modern military practices. Critics, however, have raised concerns about the potential for these rules to alienate individuals or be used as tools for discrimination.
While proponents like HURIWA argue that these regulations reinforce the moral fabric of the armed forces, skeptics contend that they might infringe on personal freedoms. “The government must ensure that these rules are applied fairly and do not lead to unnecessary victimization of military personnel,” a legal expert noted.
Cultural Context
Nigeria, a deeply religious and culturally diverse nation, has long grappled with the tension between traditional values and modern influences. The country’s 1999 Constitution emphasizes the promotion of cultural practices that align with human dignity and development. This emphasis is reflected in the President’s decision to ban activities perceived as contrary to African values.
Tattooing and body piercing, once seen as taboo, have gained popularity among younger Nigerians. However, these practices remain controversial, particularly among conservative communities. Similarly, same-sex relationships are not only culturally frowned upon but also criminalized under Nigeria’s Same-Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act of 2014.
Challenges Ahead
Implementing the revised code is expected to come with challenges, particularly in ensuring that the rules are enforced without bias. Observers note that the absence of specified disciplinary measures could lead to inconsistencies in enforcement.
Moreover, the decision to outlaw certain personal practices, such as tattooing, could raise questions about the balance between personal autonomy and military discipline. “Military personnel are held to a higher standard of conduct, but there must be clarity on how these rules will be enforced to avoid abuse,” a retired military officer said.
Political Implications
The President’s endorsement of the new military code could also have political ramifications. As Commander-in-Chief, Tinubu’s policies are closely watched, and this move has further solidified his stance on cultural preservation. However, it could also open up his administration to criticism from human rights activists who argue for greater personal freedoms. HURIWA’s public endorsement reflects a significant alignment between civil society and the government on this issue. “This is a moment for Nigerians to reflect on our values and support measures that promote discipline and professionalism,” Onwubiko emphasized
